Cosmologia

Galaxies of All Shapes and Sizes
This artist's concept illustrates the two types of spiral galaxies that populate our universe: those with plump middles, or central bulges (upper left), and those without them (foreground).

New observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope provide strong evidence that the slender, bulgeless galaxies can, like their chubbier counterparts, harbor supermassive black holes at their
cores. Previously, astronomers thought that a galaxy without a bulge could not have a supermassive black hole. The findings are reshaping theories of galaxy formation.
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
"Cosmologia "Astronomia do astroPT"
Blog de Astronomia do astroPT » Cosmologia

As cores de Saturno

*** As cores de Saturno ***
Esta imagem detalhada deliciosamente falsa cor de Saturno é uma Combinação de três imagens tiradas em janeiro de 1998 pelo Telescópio Espacial Hubble e mostra o Planeta rodeada de luz infravermelha refletida. Cores diferentes alturas e composições variáveis indicadas nuvem de pensamento camadas Geralmente composto de amoníaco uma formação de geada. "isco" anéis Expressos uma sombra sobre Saturno do hemisfério superior, enquanto que o brilhante dentro da faixa esquerda Considerada parte da sombra é infravermelhos Através da luz solar fluindo grande lacuna na anéis conhecida como uma Divisão Cassini.


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* Illusion and Evolution *

Illusion and Evolution
What's happening to the galaxies of cluster Abell 2667? On the upper left, a galaxy appears to be breaking up into small pieces, while on the far right, another galaxy appears to be stretched like taffy in this image from the Hubble Telescope.

To start, most of the yellowish objects are galactic members of a massive cluster of galaxies known as Abell 2667. The distortion of the galaxy on the upper left is real. As the galaxy plows through the intercluster medium, gas is stripped out and condenses to form bright new knots of stars. This detailed image of ram pressure stripping helps astronomers understand why so many galaxies today have so little gas. The distortion of the galaxy on the far right, however, is an illusion. This nearly normal galaxy is actually far behind the massive galaxy cluster. Light from this galaxy is gravitationally lensed by Abell 2667, appearing much like a distant person would appear through a wine glass. Each distorted galaxy gives important clues about how galaxies and clusters of galaxies evolve.

Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Jean-Paul Kneib (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) et al.

* Dorian Gray *

Dorian Gray
I Zwicky 18's youthful appearance, resembling that of galaxies typically found only in the early universe, belies its true age. However, the Hubble telescope has found faint, older stars within this galaxy, suggesting that it formed at the same time as most other galaxies.

I Zwicky 18, a dwarf irregular galaxy, is much smaller than our Milky Way Galaxy. The concentrated bluish-white knots embedded in the heart of the galaxy are two major starburst regions where stars are forming at a furious rate. The wispy blue filaments surrounding the central starburst regions are bubbles of gas that have been blown away by stellar winds and supernovae explosions from a previous generation of hot, young stars. This gas is now heated by intense ultraviolet radiation unleashed by a new generation of hot, young stars.

A companion galaxy lies just above and to the left of I Zwicky 18. The companion may be interacting with I Zwicky 18 by gravitationally tugging on the galaxy. The interaction may have triggered the galaxy's recent star formation that is responsible for the youthful appearance. Besides the bluish-white young stars, white-reddish stars also are visible in both I Zwicky 18 and its companion. These stars may be as old as 10 billion years. The reddish extended objects surrounding I Zwicky 18 and its companion are ancient, fully formed galaxies of different shapes that are much farther away.
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Aloisi (Space Telescope Science Institute and European Space Agency, Baltimore, Md.)

* O Planeta Terra *

Alimentos, combustíveis e abrigos: vegetação é um dos mais importantes requisitos para as populações humanas ao redor do mundo. Satellites monitor how "green" different parts of the planet are and how that greenness changes over time. Satélites controlar a forma como os "verdes" diferentes partes do planeta que são e como verdura mudanças ao longo do tempo. These observations help scientists understand the influence of natural cycles, such as drought and pest outbreaks, on vegetation, as well as human influences, such as land-clearing and global warming. Estas observações ajudam cientistas compreender a influência dos ciclos naturais, como secas e pragas focos, a vegetação, bem como as influências humanas, tais como a limpeza de terrenos e de aquecimento global.
One method of mapping the difference in vegetation is a measurement known as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Um método de mapeamento da diferença de vegetação é uma medida conhecida como o Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This image shows NDVI from Nov. 1, 2007, to Dec. 1, 2007, during autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Esta imagem mostra NDVI a partir de 1 de Novembro de 2007, a 1 de Dezembro de 2007, durante o outono no hemisfério norte. This monthly average is based on observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite. Esta média mensal é baseado em observações a partir da Resolução Moderada Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) a Terra via satélite da NASA.

The greenness values on this global map range from -0.1 to 0.9, but have no actual unit. Os valores verdura mapa global sobre esta faixa de -0,1 a 0,9, mas não têm real unidade. Instead, Em vez de,
higher values (dark greens) show land areas with plenty of leafy green vegetation, such as the Amazon Rainforest. valores mais elevados (dark green) mostram terrenos com abundância de áreas verdes folheada vegetação, tais como a Amazon Rainforest. Lower values (beige to white) show areas with little or no vegetation, including sand seas and Arctic areas. Os valores mais baixos, (bege para branco) mostram áreas com pouca ou nenhuma vegetação, incluindo areia mares e zonas árcticas. Areas with moderate amounts of vegetation are pale green. As áreas com moderada quantidade de vegetação está verde pálido. Land areas with no data appear gray, and water appears blue. Land áreas com dados não aparecem cinza, ea água parece azul.

Image Credit: NASA Image Crédito: NASA

* Mysterious Galaxy *

Mysterious Galaxy
This image of the elliptical galaxy NGC 1132 and its surrounding region combines data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope. The blue/purple in the image is the x-ray glow from hot, diffuse gas detected by Chandra. Hubble's data reveal a giant foreground elliptical galaxy, plus numerous dwarf galaxies in its neighborhood, and many much more distant galaxies in the background.

* Behold the Moon *

Behold the Moon
A clear, beautiful and blistery cold night made for perfect viewing of February's lunar eclipse. This image was taken at 9:36 p.m. EST on Feb. 20 from Buffalo, N.Y., by an amateur photographer and astronomer, who "took the picture by balancing the lens of the camera on the lens of the telescope." While not the most high-tech means of photographing such phenomenon, the picture still shows the beauty and wonder of our solar system.
Image Credit: James M. Hudson
(Used with the artist's permission)

* Into the Night *

Into the Night
The Space Shuttle Endeavour lights up the early morning sky at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, lifting off at 2:28 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, March 11.

Endeavour's mission, STS-123, will carry two new components to the International Space Station: the first section of the Japanese Kibo lab and Canada's two-armed robotic system, known as Dextre.
station crew member, Garrett Reisman, and bring back European Space Agency astronaut Leopold Eyharts, who has been on the station since Feb. 9.

Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

* Jovian Mysteries *

Jovian Mysteries
Detailed analysis of two continent-sized storms that erupted in Jupiter's atmosphere in March 2007 showed that the planet's internal heat plays a significant role in generating atmospheric disturbances. This visible-light image from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope was taken on May 11, 2007.

Understanding such phenomena is important for Earth's meteorology where storms are present everywhere and jet streams dominate the atmospheric circulation. Jupiter is a natural laboratory where atmospheric scientists study the nature and interplay of the intense jets and severe atmospheric phenomena.

Image Credit: NASA/ESA

* The View *

The View
This view out the aft windows on Endeavour's flight deck was one of a series of images recorded by the STS-123 crew during the first full day in space. The end of the Canadian-built remote manipulator system's robot arm (right edge) along with the shuttle's vertical stabilizer and its two orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods are visible. A heavily cloud-covered area of Earth fills the top half of the frame.
Image Credit: NASA

* The Leading Edge *

The Leading Edge
A close-up view of the exterior of space shuttle Endeavour's crew cabin, starboard wing and payload bay door was provided by the station's Expedition 16 crew. Before docking with the station, STS-123 commander Dominic Gorie flew the shuttle through a roll pitch maneuver, basically a backflip, to provide the station crew with a good view of Endeavour's heat shield.

Using digital still cameras equipped with both 400 and 800 millimeter lenses, the station crew took a number of photos of the shuttle's thermal protection system and sent them to teams on the ground for analysis. A 400 millimeter lens was used for this image.

Image Credit: NASA

* Between Earth and Space *

Between Earth and Space
Astronaut Robert L. Behnken, STS-123 especialista de missão, participa na terceira caminhada espacial da missão programada. Durante as 6 horas, 53-espacial minutos, Behnken e Rick Linnehan instalada uma plataforma de peças sobressalentes e ferramentas de manipulação de montagem de Dextre, também conhecida como Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator. Entre outras tarefas, eles também verificado e calibrado efetoras Dextre do fim e críticos ligados peças de reposição para uma plataforma de armazenagem externos. O novo sistema robótico foi ativado em uma energia e dados grapple elétrico localizado no laboratório Destiny, no dia nove de vôo. A escuridão do espaço e do horizonte da Terra fornecem o pano de fundo para a cena.

Crédito da imagem: NASA

*** O Livro Erudito e Sagrado "A Bíblia" ***

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